Data transmission in computer networks

Why can beckon with a really low frequence follow the Earth ‘s surface? Why are they non used for informations transmittal in computing machine webs?Answers: Radio moving ridges which are below 2 MHz follow the land. Following are the ground why its happened,DiffractionCurrent induced in the Earth ‘s surface, which slows moving ridges near the Earth, and because of this moving ridge forepart tilt downward.These can be some ground that why Low frequence are non used for informations transmittal in computing machine webs.Low frequences – & A ; agrave ; lower information rates ( Nyquist/Shannon )As more power is needed to convey and have low frequences, for this big aerial are needed. Penetration of Lower frequences to stuff is high.Why does the ITU-R lone regulate ‘lower ‘ frequences ( up to some hundred GHz ) and non higher frequences ( in the THz scope ) ?Answers: THz scope frequences, such as infrared, seeable visible radiation, do n't interfere with other transmittal because ther are are blocked easy when obstructions are nowadayss. So merely the standard safety ordinances applied to the systems. Its non easy to bring forth the higer freuencies when the wireless systems stay beyond the 100 GHz.What are the different attacks in reulation sing nomadic phone systems in Europe and the US? What are the effects?Answers:European attackClassical attack which was that, standardisation and regulate before any merchandises were available.ETSI which is founded by EU authoritiess to harmonise national ordinances.All states had to obey or follow the criterions set by ETSI.American ApproachCompanies develop the systems, so market success attempt to coerce the criterion, or companies itself try to standardise.FCC is the illustration.Affects of different ApproachsSome criterions failed and some succeeded merely in Europe, HIPERLAN 1 ( wholly failed ) , and ISDN ( Succeeded ) . Some become the worldwide ( GSM ) .US attack is better for the most of the systems, i.e. initial merchandises, and after it, standardized. WLAN 802.11 is a good illustration for the USA attack. But criterions about noma dic market which are good established in Europe but its non even known in US. i.e. free roaming, MMS, GPRS roaming.Why is the international handiness of the same ISM bands of import?Answers: International handiness of same ISM set is of import because ofInteroperability.big plenty market to do the consumer devices cheap.What are the chief jobs of signal extension? Why do wireless moving ridges non ever follow a consecutive line? Why is contemplation both utile and harmful?Answers: Following are the ground which cause the signal extension,AttenuationDispersingDiffractionContemplationRefractionIn the presence of big edifices, without multipath extension or contemplation of signal we ca n't have radio signal. Inter symbol intervention ( ISI ) is due to multipath extension.Why, typically, is digital transition non plenty for wireless transmittal? What are general ends for digital transition? What are typical strategies?Answers: FDM is used worldwide for dividing different systems. So all the wireless system must utilize linear transition for modulating the digital signal onto a bearer frequence. Most of the wireless Stationss want to convey at the same clip, because of this ground all the signal should be transition onto different bearer frequences. Other ground behind digital transition,Antenna and medium features.Features for digital transition areSpectral efficiencyPower efficiencyRobustness.Typical strategies areAskPSKFSKWhat are the chief benefits of a spread spectrum system? How can distributing be achieved? How can DSSS systems profit from multi-path extension?Answers:Benefits of a Spread Spectrum System:Robust against interventionBuilt-in securityFooting for CDMA engineeringsIf the signal degree is low plenty so it can be used as background of bing systems.By Chiping sequence or frequence hopping ( XORing ) a spot, we can accomplish Spreading. Guard infinites are now the perpendicularity of the splintering sequences or skiping forms. Higher Orthogonality- & A ; agrave ; Lower the correlativity of spread signals, or lower the hit chance of frequence skiping systems. To recombining signals going along different waies, DSSS system typically use rake receiving systems.What limits the figure of coincident users in a TDM/FDM system compared to a CDM system? What happens to the transmittal quality of connexions if the burden gets higher in a cell, i.e. , how does an extra user influence the other users in the cell?Answers:Mentions:Jochen Schiller, â€Å" Mobile Communication † , 2nd ed. , Addison-Wesley

LaFleur Trading Company Essay

LaFleur Trading Company is an international food supplier located in Vancouver, British Columbia. They handle a large amount of different food and wine products and ship to consumers around the world. Their trading partners are listed to be in 38 different countries and they are based in Canada (which makes 39). LaFleur’s website lists the company mission as â€Å"We will provide our customers with the highest quality foods at a reasonable price.† (LaFleur, 2009) The list of products includes seafood, cheeses, wines, and fruits. Most of the customers for LTC come through the internet. The only real interaction that the company generally has with clients is through emails and phone calls. The desired reputation of the company is that of a high standard for product quality. The website says that the company â€Å"will act fairly and justly in the conduct of our business† and also acknowledges that customers get their perceptions of the company from the interactions with employees. LTC goes on to assure customers that their buyers â€Å"only deal with reputable producers and exporters† (LaFleur, 2009). With such an avid focus by consumers on labels, it is critical that LTC uphold their claim to maintain Canadian organic standards for all their organic products and to be able to regularly inspect products from each different country to ensure it all meets the same strict standards. Reasonable prices and high quality are the two promises that the company makes throughout their website. Certainly the ability to keep their promises will be determined solely by the dedication of the employees to do their jobs to the best of their ability. LTC employs individuals that are responsible for customer service, shipping, business to business relations, and quality assurance. Salesmen in the customer department as well as representatives responsible for securing purveyors can be eligible for commission bonuses. Quality assurance team members can be offered rewards for continuing to keep the standards set by the trading company rather than letting certain products slide. The organic label is one that must be more rigorously inspected, as the standards in this area are constantly being improved as environmental standards worldwide become stricter. The shipping team must be responsible to compare rates as well as the delivery times and  package conditions upon arrival. This area can lead to many challenges since the company is involved in shipping in so many different countries. Certainly it is a huge challenge to run a company with so many different cultures represented in their partners. Learning to merge local cultural ideology with the company’s ethical standards is something that must be addressed. One Boston, MA based company found a solution to this challenge when they opened their Bangkok branch. They built an entire team for such enterprises and appointed a director of worldwide culture and communications. The team, called Winning Operations Worldwide or WOW, had a purpose of building a bridge between the home office and the regional offices. The goal, according to the director was to decentralize operations so that the regional office employees would be able to successfully make their own decisions. They began providing extensive training exercises. â€Å"taught Team WOW members how to inject corporate values–teamwork, the interplay between speed and quality, risk taking, and thriving in change, and open communications–into their training programs† (Dunn, 2000) LaFleur Trading Company receives most of their customer orders online through their website. Safeguarding customer information received such as credit card or bank account information from being stolen or fraudulently used is a pertinent concern. Another issue that plagues online consumers is personal information such as e-mail, phone numbers, and mailing addresses. Customers value their privacy and companies that take the initiative to honor that wish for privacy are able to build better e-commerce. Fast Track 500 companies are working diligently to disclose any uses for customer information. â€Å"Nearly 95 percent of FastTrack respondents said top executives at their companies consider protecting customer privacy a critical part of their e-business strategy. According to the survey, top managers with profitable e-commerce ventures are even more likely to have this issue as a top priority† (Paul, 2000). LTC is an e-commerce company that would benefit tremendously from this type of focus. Customers want to know that their purchases and their information are protected. With partners in 39 different countries it would be virtually impossible not to have heightened security on their website and in their company policy. One potentially difficult ethical challenge to a trading company dealing in food would be the assurance that each product is free from harmful contaminants. This is an  issue that would start at the local level with the production of the food (or wine) and then involve the shipping process. Because of dealing with so many partners in different countries, it would take an entire team full-time attention to make sure that one set of standards is maintained throughout the product range. Customer service would be fairly inv olved at LaFleur Trading Company. Service specialists must have the ability to potentially communicate in multiple languages. Special translation software can help for online communications but phone representatives would need to include individuals who speak a variety of languages. Also, there would be cultural differences to take into consideration, such as some cultures prefer to only have men conduct business. Some cultures do not allow certain products, and most of the time customers will expect business to be conducted in the manner of their own culture rather than the manner of the parent company’s culture. Sometimes it is easy to offend someone of a different culture without even realizing it. â€Å"When in Rome do as the Romans† is an old adage that would apply here. Another possible solution would be to hire customer service representatives in each local market and route orders through the local affiliates. Providing a quality product at a reasonable rate through ethical business practices is a good standard for any company. Organizations such as LaFleur Trading Company have a very complex task to consistently provide that same level of service in such a large international market. Focusing on quality assurance, secure transactions and cultural diplomacy are three ways that organizations can succeed in the new global market. Keeping the concept of â€Å"local† as part of â€Å"global† will ensure long-term success as a grassroots effort spreads across countries worldwide. References Dunn, K. (Feb 2000). Values Training Spans From Boston to Bangkok. Workforce, 79, 2. p.90. Retrieved November 09, 2010, from General OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/gps/start.do?prodId=IPS&userGroupName=uphoenix LaFleur Trading Company (2009). Mission. Retrieved November 09, 2010, from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Lafleur/intranet.ht

Perfectly balanced poem Essay

â€Å"Essential Beauty† by Philip Larkin is a perfectly balanced poem of two 16-line stanzas. In the poem Larkin explores the subject of advertising in the early 60s. He begins by describing the subjects on huge billboards on the sides and ends of buildings. He suggests that these enormous images are placed in slum areas and that this is inappropriate and doubtful in its honest intention.  Larkin’s outstanding criticism is directed towards the content of the adverts. He makes it clear that â€Å"motor oil and cuts of salmon,† are of no consequence or beyond the finical ability of the people who live in the blocks of streets and slums where these billboards are pasted. â€Å"Cars† and â€Å"deep arm chairs† bed time cups and radiant electric fires warming â€Å"cats by slippers on warm mats† are certainly not the experiences of those who dwell in the vicinity of the outrageous adverts. They:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reflect none of the rained-on streets and squares  They dominate the outdoors.†Ã‚  This criticism is at its height in its description of an advert for butter:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦High above the gutter  A silver knife sinks into golden butter.†Ã‚  Here he employs a cheap advertisement rhyme and exposes the ridiculous image which is clearly inappropriate for those upon whose house the advert may be displayed. Furthermore Larkin clearly despises the image of:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well balanced families, in fine  Midsummer weather.† In the second stanza Larkin exposes the frothy emptiness of the images and moves on to explain the reality behind the images in the advert. As a result he demonstrates the distortion and dishonesty of advertising. Larkin states that we live in a different world from that which the advertisers depict:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦our live imperfect eyes  That stare beyond this world.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦nothing’s made  As new or washed quite so clean,†Ã‚  In a country pub the clients are all â€Å"with clothed ones from tennis clubs.† We learn that there is a boy throwing up in the gent’s toilet and a pensioner being cheated at the same time. Larkin reserves the final thrust for the cigarette advertisers. The dying smokers will not have a chance match lit meeting with a beautiful person however hard meeting with a beautiful person however hard they â€Å"drag† on their fags. The reality which Larkin seems to suggest in the last two lines, is that the beautiful women is visible, standing apart, recognising the dying smoker and the image of her goes dark as the smoker dyes. Philip Larkin exposure of the falseness, bad taste and down right dishonesty of billboard advertising is shocking and disturbing. At a time when the population of Britain was beginning to enjoy a rising income the advertisers were settling vulture like to grab any extra income from the poorest people. The advertisers were openly suggesting that the purchase of their products would inrich their lives, maintained their youth and give them motorcars. Larkin seemingly intense dislike of this whole medium is based on the sense of humanity and compassion. He does seem to care for the people who the advertisers are trying to win over; those who have spent most of their lives trying to live on a very small income. I found Philip Larkin’s poem â€Å"Essential Beauty† quite unfathomable to begin with. However once I was aware of it was making a comments about billboard advertising over forty years ago I began to understand Larkin’s subject and became aware of his stance. Although the advertising he describes is extremely dated in some respects compared to the two -dimensional advertising of today, it is none the less clearly recognisable from the poem. The advertisement depicts very middle classed people, images and expectations. Larkin certainly explains the contrast of these images with the reality of the lives and living conditions of the working class people who had to live with these enormous images around them, dominating their lives. I sympathise with Larkin, I think this type of advertising must have been insulting if not a clear signal that there was a huge division between the classes at that time. I think this poem is a powerful historic statement about inequality and insensitivity

Event Plan and Rationale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Event Plan and Rationale - Essay Example The value to measure this is if they have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. The main reason for this sudden increase in obesity when compare to previous times is that life today involves a lot less physical activity than it did before. In our strife to save time, we travel by cars or buses instead of walking, we use escalators and elevators instead of taking the stairs and we have dog walkers to walk our dogs. Also, our jobs involve sitting in the offices, in front of a computer screen for most of the time. With this lack of physical activity and the rampant consumption of take out/junk food, and the following accumulation of excess calories, obesity was evident. (nhs.uk) Keeping in mind the rapid increase in obesity, The National Obesity Forum, based in Nottingham, has designed this marathon, to educate and encourage the people of England about their unhealthy eating habits and the resulting problems that obesity causes, both physical and mental. Being a part of this marathon also involves a rigorous training that begins three months prior to the event. By encouraging people to run for their lives, the National Obesity Forum aims at trying to get the obesity count under check and promoting a healthier lifestyle for the people of England. The whole point of the three month training is not just to train them for this one marathon, but to encourage them and get them used to an exercise regimen and a diet in the hope that they will like being fit and continue to use the guidance they have been given, to get in shape. 2. To educate all about the problems caused by obesity such as heart problems, diabetes, not to mention the mental and social ramifications that obese people have to go through in society, therefore, encouraging people to run for their lives. The event is also being conducted to provide mileage to the work being done by the medical professionals at the National Obesity Forum and to bring to notice to the

Project -litterature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project -litterature review - Essay Example Epstein focused much of her work on homework practices and home-school education, including how parents can monitor and assist at home (Epstein, 1983). The literature review will describe the benefits of parental involvement in terms of achievement of their children at school. In this chapter I will look at successful programmes such as Every Child Matters and Sure Start, models of parental involvement, relations between staff and parents, preparation of children academically, parenting techniques and the link with achievement, and conclude with the summary. The involvement of parents has been effectively linked with children’s academic achievement throughout their time at school. The early years in school can be an exciting and emotional period for children and their parents in meeting the staff in school. Families, like teachers, create homes that promote learning, and reinforce what is being taught at school, and build the values and skills children need to become responsible adults (Henderson, 1995). Most children will take time to settle as it will be difficult to form new bonds of attachment with the staff. As for parents, it will give them the opportunities to talk, discuss many issues surrounding their children as well as to express their wishes and expectations. Abbott et al (1989) claim a parent has a positive interest in, and expectations of, the school which their child attends. To help children take this new experience in their stride, many schools including the school where I work now offer home visits to the families before the child starts school. This will help to build a sense of confidence and a chance to find out more about what to expect and how the school staff will deal with a child who needs time to settle in a new environment. The National Association of Head Teachers (1988), defining and describing a home-school contract of partnership states that this model

Arduino Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arduino - Literature review Example The microcontroller board applied in the design of the Arduino enables writing of programs by linking several physical output functions of the computer including switches and motors (Arduino n.d, para.2). The hardware of the electronic component is programmed using libraries and syntax, more like C++. The microprocessor board that enables programming in Arduino platforms applies simple multimedia integration conditions as discussed in the section below. There is a variety of Arduino platforms, usually released upon the advancement of design and development. Some of these Arduino microcontroller products include Arduino Duemilanove, Arduino Flo, Arduino Bluetooth, Arduino Mega2560, Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, Arduino Extreme, Arduino Mini, Arduino NG, Arduino Decimila, Arduino Mega, and Lilypad Arduino. Notable differences across the different forms of the Arduino products include size, height, number of pins, price and compatibility that vary across the products list. Generally, the input shields accompanying the Arduino also define the design and number of input/output (I/O) pins that the product has. The latest versions of the Arduino such as the Uno have a higher compatibility level with respect to pins and shield connectivity than the earlier ones. The means of achieving connectivity changes with higher advancement across the versions, with the use of USB or bluetooth illustrating the level of advancement for the various types o f Arduino. Despite the availability of several other microprocessor platforms in the market today, Arduino stands alone in offering effective results at favorable conditions that end users may prefer when compared to others. Some of the other microcontrollers similar in functionality to Arduino include Parallax Basic Stamp, BX-24 (by Netmedia) and Handyboard (by MIT) among many more. One of the advantages of using Arduino microcontroller is the fact that it is open source which significantly

Air traffic controllers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Air traffic controllers - Assignment Example In addition to that, the confrontation polarized American politics in ways that hinder the populace from dealing with the root of the country’s economic problems. Reagan took an enormous risk by firing the individuals on strike. Air travel was put in serious jeopardy, and the system took several years and cost billions of dollars (more than the amount demanded by PATCO) to return to normal (Daily Kos 2012) The number of workers taking part in walkouts in 2010 was two percent less than it had been in 1952 when the actors’ strike was led by Reagan. Unions therefore lack the leverage once associated with strikes, and have not been able to put pressure on employers to raise wages with the rise in productivity. Inequality has risen to a level that was not experienced since the 1920s when Reagan was in his boyhood (Daily Kos 2012). The event was and is still rightfully a moment that can be considered an attempt by the Republican Party to annihilate unions as well as the union movement. Since Reagan’s confrontation with PATCO, there has been a precipitous decline in the membership of unions, coupled with working class Americans experiencing stagnant salaries and wages, while the pay of senior executives who control big industries and corporations rises to unimaginable levels. During the last days of his 1980 election campaign, Reagan wrote to Robert Poli-PATCO’s president, expressing his understanding of the many concerns air traffic controllers experienced with regard to working conditions, pay, and outmoded equipment. He made a promise to avail up-to date equipment and working schedules that were not brutal, in accordance with public safety. PATCO endorsed Reagan, who on becoming president acted in contravention to his word (Daily Kos 2012). Based on the premises mentioned, Reagan was wrong to f ire the traffic controllers. Daily Kos. (2012).† Remembering

The Chinese Decision to Enter the Korean War Essay

The Chinese Decision to Enter the Korean War - Essay Example China's intervention in Korea cannot be ascribed simply to wanting to maintain the semblance of balance of power, "a theory of state behavior [that] explains and predicts how states respond to threats posed by a potentially dominant, revisionist and aggressive state"1, based on the assumption that states seek to, "maximize their power in order to survive in a competitive international system".2 US presence in the Asian region led to China and the US pursuing purely security related strategies that were mutually exclusive, inadvertently generating mutual hostility. Similarly, Chinese responses cannot be generalized into the Chinese merely wanting to secure their national interests without taking into consideration many other factors such as leadership challenges, domestic imperatives, and political consensus amongst domestic bureaucracies that can impinge upon foreign policy. The general understanding and belief is that China's foreign policy has been shaped primarily by external stimulus with domestic factors playing only a marginal role. However, the inability of existing theories to fully explain the reasons for China's entry into the conflict signifies that we must look at explanations that go beyond functional concepts of International Relations but also look more closely at internal factors and domestic compulsions. Students of international relations a... This is particularly relevant in the context of the Korean War, when one recollects that China was then emerging from the throes of a protracted civil war and that the People's Republic of China had been formally declared less than a year earlier, in October 1949. When the internal polity of a country is in a state of flux, any government which is seen as defending a nation's interests will only emerge stronger. China's entry into the Korean conflict can therefore, largely be seen to emanate as a result of the CCP converting a external 'threat' into an opportunity to consolidate its position internally. Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910 and remained under Japanese occupation until the end of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States decided to oversee the surrender of Japanese forces to the North and South of the 38th parallel respectively. This was to be a temporary arrangement, with a united Korea the ultimate aim. In the interim, the US and the Soviet Union established governments in their respective zones that were sympathetic to their political ideologies. The US installed Syngman Lee in South Korea, while the Soviet Union backed North Korea Kim Il-Sung, with both wanting a unified Korea, under their own system and stewardship. However, North Korea was bolstered by Soviet advisors and military equipment was better prepared to seize the initiative. The North Korean attack across the 38th Parallel in June 1950 was a resounding success North Korea could not capitalize on their gains. North Korea failed to accomplish two crucial tasks, namely the total annihilation of the South Korean army and the

Contemporary issue in marketing - Airline industry on service quality Essay

Contemporary issue in marketing - Airline industry on service quality and relationship marketing - Essay Example Airline industry is a key economic strength of any country because airline industry has big impact on other industries such as manufacturing, finance and tourism. Presently, the worldwide airline industry comprises more than 23,000 aircrafts, offers service to more than 3700 airfields all over the world. In the year 2006, it had been calculated that approximately 28 million flights transported more than 2 billion passengers worldwide. For the last 20 years, the air travel had increased considerably by 5%. In the US, the aircraft industry contributes 8% of GDP (MIT, n.d.). According to IATA (International Air Transport Association) the forecasted global air journey increased almost 5% annually from the year 2000–2010. The most dynamic growth of aviation industry had been seen in Asia/Pacific region compared to Europe and North America. In Asia/Pacific region the aviation industry is increasing by almost 9% annually. In the 1990s, the aviation industry had suffered heavily due t o economic recession and Gulf war. The member airline of IATA had experienced losses of almost 20.4 billion USD from the year 1990 to 1994. Subsequently, Aviation industry had realised the importance of service and customer relation and thus certain airlines had invested a lot to improve the quality of service offered to customer. Many new attractive strategies had been introduced to draw and retain customers (Standford University, 1999). Importance of Service Quality in Airline Industry In aviation industry the competition is strong and it is growing rapidly. The airline companies had realised the need for providing more attention towards customer in order to face the competition because customers are the primary element of every business. Good customer satisfaction can bring profitability to an airline company and it can be achieved by good service. An efficient service quality is characterised by good customer segmentation, tailored service, measuring the feedback of customer and measurement of company performance (Bozorgi, 2007). Customer satisfaction is the feeling or attitude towards a service. If a customer is satisfied about the service, in future the customer will engage in purchasing the service again. Thus, customer satisfaction and service quality is interrelated with each other. The reason for dissatisfaction in aviation industry can be caused by late departure of flight, reservation of ticket, poor catering service and bad attitude of air crew members towards customers (Bozorgi, 2007). In the year 1987 and 1988, the bad customer service had been recorded in the US aviation industry regarding flight problem, reservation problem, and refund of money, customer service, smoking activities, tourism issues and others. These factors have led to dissatisfaction of customers, and for that reason the customer complaints had grew over 500% in the year 1987 (Bozorgi, 2007). Perceptions of customers and service quality are useful in forecasting the effectiven ess of a company. Many companies intend to employ customer service based

Alcoa Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alcoa Inc - Essay Example It has a large product base – most of them are considered as most sustainable products. Serving different markets ranging from Aerospace to consumer packaging industry, Alcoa, over the period of time has been able to generate strong growth rates. Further it is also being continuously expanding into various markets and currently most of its revenue growth is coming from China. Based on the projections of the China’s future economic performance and strong demand being generated from that region, it is largely believed that the future performance of the company would largely depend upon how the Chinese economy performs. This is also because of the fact that the growth in North American markets for the company has been negative and considering the recent credit crunch in the market, it is largely anticipated that the demand from the traditional region of business for Alcoa would decrease substantially and company has to rely on the other markets to develop. Alcoa is the leading producer of primary aluminum, fabricated aluminum as alumina facilities and is also an active player in other aspects of the industry also. It products are served in markets like Aerospace, Alumina, Aluminum Ingot, Automotive, Building and construction, commercial transportation, Industrial Products and services as well as packaging and other consumer products. â€Å"In addition to aluminum products and components including flat-rolled products, hard alloy extrusions, and forgings, Alcoa also markets Alcoa ® wheels, fastening systems, precision and investment castings, and building systems† (Alcoa, 2008). The company has a presence in almost 34 countries with 97000 employees working for the company in various positions in various countries. It has been the honor of the company that it has been labeled as most sustainable company in the world in World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland. The company has a record of working on creating an environment which is often considered as safer

Plato's advise to President-Elect Obama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plato's advise to President-Elect Obama - Essay Example A difficult, if not impossible, task awaits you to start clean when you take office. So much has gone wrong, and the consequences of previous rulers’ actions will follow you throughout your time in office. But take my advice, the genuine ruler â€Å"will take society and human character as his canvas, and begin by scraping it clean. . . . [H]e will not consent to take in hand either an individual or a state or to draft laws, until he is given a clean surface to work on or has cleansed it himself† (p. 209). You can’t hope to fix anything if failed policies and actions can’t be scraped away to make room for better governing. Weigh carefully in your mind, when you’re asked to make decisions, the worth of a specific action, over and above what it means to those who petition you. Don’t be afraid to end policies that weren’t set up with the people’s best interest in mind in the first place. Keep the greater good of the whole populatio n in mind, rather than the complaining voices of lobbyists and congressmen. Philosophically weigh the consequences of the war and the nation’s economic policies, and make decisions from a clean slate if those previous policies aren’t working. The man who held office before you seemed to me drunk with power. I believe â€Å"access to power must be confined to men who are not in love with it† (p. 235). If you fall in love with being leader of what’s been called the greatest nation on earth, you’ll forget why you were elected to this office in the first place: to serve the people. Make your life good and wise first, and then you’ll be happy and be able to rule the nation philosophically and not through power. â€Å"All goes wrong when, starved for lack of anything good in their own lives, men turn to public affairs hoping to snatch from thence the happiness they hunger for† (p. 235). Men and women who rule the nation must be philosophers

Animism and the Alphabet Essay Example for Free

Animism and the Alphabet Essay Animism and the Alphabet Response The author writes about human being how to develop writing system such as European civilization and the Greek origins. Then talk about â€Å"hieroglyphic† and explain the development of the writing process, this was human primeval communication, which a method of identifying with the animal draw on the wall. After they slowly learn to use images or picture to present what their said. Then, he thinks the ideograms of writing Ideographic scripts must make use of a vast number of stylized glyphs or characters, therefore, there are only a few people who highly trained it. Its hard for writing and training, more and more people choice it as how to describe way. With the advent of the aleph- beth, this new innovation changed new distance and open between human life and the rest of nature, people know how to practice and improve their writing ability. So the author is saying that† the larger, more than human life world is no longer a part of the semiotic, no longer a necessary part of the system† The development of human being language benefits our environment, people will reduce hunting to treat as sign and less depend on nature. I don’t agree the author’s views, because people should be eager to explore new stuff. More innovation can show human being value. Even if some ways is like a double edged sword, try to change new method, the writing system will be benefit more and more in the future.

Success Factors for Business Growth

Success Factors for Business Growth The purpose of this paper is to search and identify the critical success factors related to growth of the organizations in todays uncertain business environment. The research is exploratory and descriptive in nature. Initially, an overview of the importance of identifying the critical success factors in organizational strategy for growth is given. Later on the concept is delineated to the importance of innovation in the organizational strategy as the most revolutionary factor to gain the competitive advantage in domestic and international platform. The role of leaders in the growth prospects through fostering innovation and especially social innovation is explored from the literature. The paper also gives guidelines for advance research by identifying the research gaps. Globalization and its effects on business and management had led the academics to acknowledge the importance of innovation and its crucial role in the growth and sustainability of an organization (Gupta et al. 1986). Critical success factors are defined as the key performance areas which are crucial for the achievement of organizational goals. With the arrival of globalization both techno-globalization (Henderson Clark 1990) and social globalization (ILO 2008) the need for innovation as a major critical success factor is obligatory to build and maintain competitive advantage. Different types of innovation (product, service, and business model, social) are found to be tightly integrated with the supervision top-management. Several issues related to innovative strategies regarding growth of an organization are discussed in the literature review. Overview of the Literature The foremost purpose of any organization whether it is big or small, local or international, profit or no-profit, is to meet the needs of its customers, employees, partners or alliances, shareholders and the communities that are going to benefit from its business. To successfully accomplish the predefined objectives a company designs a strategy which reflects the mission and vision of the organization. Tasks from top to bottom level of the organization are such divided and assigned so as to ensure the alignment of the whole organizational functions towards a common goal to be met within certain time limits. Strategy leads to the recognition of certain key factors that are immensely required for the fulfillment of the goals and without performing well in those key factors the success of the organization seems doomed. These factors are called the critical success factors. These CSFs are often completely under consideration of the top management but not often unequivocally communicated to the layers of management. Once communicated these factors help the whole organization to be well integrated and aligned towards the achievement of the common organizational goals (Caralli 2004). Critical Success Factors Studies on the critical success factors originated from the studies by Daniel (1961) as the important factor that must be coupled with the organizational goals in order to facilitate organizational administration and management control. Research showed that with the evolution of information technology the organizations were confronted with a information holocaust and even after having so much information the top management was unable to filter the right information needed to make important decisions (Dobbins Donnelley 1998). Rockhart (1979) worked with his team to counter with the problem of continuous information flow in the organizations and suggested the CSF approach to filter the most appropriate and useful information in order to achieve organizational goals. Primarily focus was made on the information needs of the executives in the IT world but later on the significance of CSFs in other business sectors like Federal government program management (Dobbins 1998), Enterprise reso urce planning (Jang, Lin and Pan 2009, Ngai, Law and Wat 2008), manufacturing (Sherer, Susan 2003, Burns,Turnipseed and Riggs 1991), International projects (Freedman Katz 2007, Eid, Trueman and Ahmed 2002) and Education Industry (Huotari Wilson 2001, Mazzarol 1998) was also certified by different studies. Rockart (1981) defined 5-specific sources of CSFs as the industry, organizational peers, organizational environment, barriers/challenges for the organization and managerial hierarchy. Moreover, the dimensions of CSFs are internal/external and monitoring/adapting. The internal CSFs are those which are controllable by the managers while the external ones are uncontrollable as they are influenced by the external forces working in the organizational surroundings. Moreover, monitoring CSFs relate to the factors needed to be scrutinized for the regulatory objectives of the organization whereof the adaptive CSFs are related to the changes occurring in the world outside the boundaries of the organization and are thus used by the organizations to keep their competitive edge over the other organizations in the industry. CSFs, Globalization and organizational strategies Rapid changes occurring in the technological world and burgeoning global competition has alarmed the firms to identify and imbed their critical success factors for the promotion and sustainability of growth. (Caralli 2004). Business world today is confronted by dual effects of globalization. The techno-globalization is related to the advancements in the information technology which organizations have to adapt to be in the race of competition (Henderson Clark 1990) where of the social globalization is concerned with the impact of globalization on the lives of individuals and their families and which must be taken in account before doing businesses internationally (ILO 2008). According to Rockart (1979) the major advantage gained by working on these factors is enhanced communication among the hierarchal levels of management. Among some other benefits of inculcating the CSFs in the organizational strategy is less organizational ambiguity, dynamic nature for reflecting the ongoing opera tional activities, improved risk-management practices and realignment of the organizational activities when contradiction between visualized and real problems occur (Caralli 2004). The critical success factors are essential for organizations start-up phase (Boyer, Creech Paas 2008) and growth (Freedman Katz 2007) to have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Further studies argued on the domain specificity of the critical success factors as they differ from organization to organization (Anthony et.al 1972). The critical success factors for growth of an organization are dependant upon the environment and industry in which it operates. Extensive research is being done in this regard such as the CSFs that are crucial in Enterprise resource planning are top management support and training and education (Ngai, Law Wat 2008). In international business and coopetition strategies the strongest CSFs are found to be management leadership and trust development (Chin, Chan Lam 2008) and those of environmental and social enterprises are leadership, partnerships, innovation, social and economical benefits alignment, long-term short-term planning management , community involvement and risk management (Boyer, Creech Paas 2008). In Strategic management however a great deal of change in defining the critical success factors is seen since 1990s. With t he advent information technology and gust of globalization the organizations need to modify their mission statements in regard of organizational business strategy (Strong 197), stake holders (internal and external) concerns (Greenley Foxall 1996) and identifying the critical success strategies (Strong 1997, Gupta et al. 1986). The ultimate goal of an organization has been to attract and retain its customers (Ennew and Binks 1996) but today the focus of organizations is having a dual nature of being environmental and societal friendly also to sustain their image and growth in global industry (David 1989, Strong 1997). Innovation-an essential growth imperative The revolutionary change in the global competitive world has introduced Innovation and quality as the most essential success factors to become market leader (Gupta et al. 1986). Innovation is defined as the act of doing something new (new method) or bringing in something novel (new product/ service) or moving into something new (new market) (Schumpeter 1968). The burgeoning need for the adoption and implementation of innovative strategies for local and international business is thus the most recent and essential part of academic research on business and management strategies (Jeffery Rana 2008, Haapaniemi Seppanan 2008, Pittaway et.al 2004). The drivers for innovation are categorized as accelerating global competition, technological advancement, turbulent and diversified market needs and volatility of natural resources (Kingsland 2007). Innovations are of different kinds like technological innovations (Henderson Clark 1990), Business model innovations (SAP 2008) and bring in different competitive effects on the organizations. The business model innovations are radical in nature whereof those related to new customer solutions/systems are incremental (Kearney 2008). The organizations of today are focusing more on the business model innovations for its broader aspect of effectiveness throughout the organizational structure. Key factors for innovation strategies The business model innovations are typically classified into customer-centric innovations, supply-chain centric innovations and organizational process innovation (SAP 2008). Innovation is considered to be collective and not individual or isolated in nature. Any idea needs collaboration and collective effort both from internal stakeholders and external stakeholders for the realization of that idea (Majahan Peterson 1985, Panzano Roth 2006, Kearney 2008). Networking Research from several studies on innovation and importance of taking the external stakeholders (suppliers) in account specifically for organizations growth sustainability through innovation has defined the importance of networking (Sherer 2003, Pittaway et.al 2004). The literature about innovation is also intimately connected to the risk management because introducing any novelty is itself a risky job (Panzano Roth 2006). Through networking the benefits of innovation can be doubled as it fosters risk sharing thus increasing the risk propensity of the organizations in contact (Pittaway et.al 2004). Other than networking one of the most important factors influencing the development of innovative culture in the organizations to have a competitive edge in the global market is the role of leaders (Freedman Katz 2007, Morales, Reche Torres 2008, Fairholm 2009). Role of Leadership Studies from the leadership literature proves the important role of top-management in enhancing the organizational learning and thus supporting the innovativeness in the organization. The strategic thinking of leaders links the implicit knowledge of organization with its functionality by explicitly disseminating it to the layers of management and improves organizational learning (Appelbaum, Pierre Glavas 1998, Vera Crossan 2004, Fairholm 2009). Transformational leadership is a relatively new style in the literature of leadership. It is related to a more change-oriented attribute of the leaders thus fostering and encouraging new changes in the organization which in turn motivates the employees to be more innovative and increasing organizational performance (Morales, Reche Torres 2008). The CEOs are considered to be the champions of making innovation and sustainability of any organization in the global market by making ways through open-innovation (involving people in innovative str ategies) and co-creation (involving stakeholders and partners)(Kearney 2008). Sustainability and innovation Innovation has greatest effects on the sustainability of an organization. Sustainability is defined as the tendency to fulfill both functional and emotional needs of the customers in a less resourceful and more competitive environment. Organizations which take into account the sustainability as their business strategy are the ones that outperform in the global world (Kearney 2008). For this they dont just have to focus on making profits by offering product or service innovations rather they would have to focus on social innovations (well-being of society) as well (Simmon Eduardo 2008).The Business and Management world has benefited by introducing innovations in their products, services and business models and will continue to keep up the competitive advantage only if they keep on bringing or doing something new. Conclusion Innovation has been globally accepted as one of the most important success factor in the sustainability of the organizations (Jeffery Rana 2008, Haapaniemi Seppanan 2008, Pittaway et.al 2004). The most important role regarding introducing, communicating and networking the innovation among the organization and its stakeholders is that of top-management (Appelbaum, Pierre Glavas 1998, Vera Crossan 2004, Fairholm 2009). The leaders are thus required to increase research efficiency, encourage open innovation, and emphasize more on sustainability and social innovation by delievering benefits on low cost and use a more structured approach to innovation and technology platforms. Moreover, with the increased competition and uncertainty in the global market the CEOs should be passionate for innovative strategies, set clear expectations and use brand-imprint methodology (pilot study) before entering into larger markets. Research Gaps This literature review on the critical success factors for growth through innovation had led me to find out certain gaps in the studies till now. Firstly, the critical success factors for growth and sustainability vary from organization to organization and industry to industry (Anthony et.al 1972). Same is the case with the innovative strategies as the adoption and diffusion strategies for innovation differ in different organizations and even in the same organization according to its development phases (Moore 1999). This shows that both are greatly influenced by the global turbulent environment and it is crucial for the organizations to foster innovation as the critical success factor for sustainability even in hostile conditions. To date there is very little qualitative research done on the relationship of developing innovative strategies under hostile conditions and organizational growth. Secondly, the women-owned businesses are not sufficiently studied for defining their critical success factors as compared to their male counterparts and specifically in the developing countries (Lee et.al 2009). Although, SMEs are of prime importance in the developing part of the world very less attention in terms of women-owned SMEs is being given to help them in growth prospects through innovation. This might be due to the reason of greater gender discrimination carried out in this part of the world (Tambunan 2009) consequently having low risk propensity in them which is the main ingredient for innovativeness (Brindley 2005). Lastly, although the social innovation has gained importance in the business world still a dearth of robust empirical research is seen in this regard (Simon Eduardo 2008).

The Rapid Change Of Information Technology

The Rapid Change Of Information Technology With the rapid change of information technology in twentieth century, internet has become a catalyst for the way people in the world to communicate and sharing or access information speedily. Many businesses also adopted the internet as a means of trading or improving internal processes and more importantly, engage and build relationships with customers. In this paper, the author will analyst the competitive environment and resources for one of the market leading electrical appliances chain stores in Malaysia and propose a information systems strategy plans which suits the company best. 1.2 Companys profile SenHeng Electric (KL) Sdn. Bhd is one of the well known household electrical retailers among few names in the annals of Malaysian retailing business. Founded in 1989 by Lim brother, K.H., K.C., and K.Y., the company has started its business from a tiny consumer electronics half shop set up with stocks worth less than RM30,000.00 to one the largest electrical chain store in Malaysia. Currently, SenHeng has more than 100 stores spread throughout nationwide with 10 distribution centre located in Selangor, Johor, Perak, Terengganu, Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. This has assured its customers to enjoy consistent and punctual delivery of all purchased items. 1.3 PESTEL Political Economic Transformation Programme The Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) embraced by Malaysia government in year 2010 is a comprehensive effort to transform Malaysia into a high-income nation by year 2020. It targeted to lift Malaysias gross national income (GNI) per capita from USD6,700.00 or RM23,700 in 2009 to more than USD15,000 or RM48,000 in year 2020. Specific attention has been paid to raise the incomes of the bottom 40 percent of households, with a target of increasing the monthly mean income of this group from RM1,440 in 2009 to RM2,300 in 2015. The prospect of Malaysian retail industries like SenHeng Electric is expected to be positive as consumer spending power will eventually boost by the plan. According to Ecmlibra investment research, total retail sales are forecast to increase by 34 percent to RM123.5bn in 2014 from RM92.3bn in 2010. (http://www.ecmmoney.com/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2010/09/Strategy_100922_A-challenging-road-ahead.pdf) Economic performance Retailer profits have a correlation with the country overall economic performance. After the global economy downturn in 2009, the Malaysian economy experienced a strong resumption of growth in 2010. The growth was driven by robust domestic demand, with strong expansion in private sector activity. For the year as a whole, the overall aggregate domestic demand expanded strongly by 6.3 percent from -0.5 percent in 2009. It was reflected in the strong performance of major consumption indicators such as passenger car sales, retail sales and imports of consumption goods. (http://www.bnm.gov.my/view.php?dbIndex=0website_id=1id=819). According to Bank Negara Malaysia annual report 2010, the Malaysian economy is projected to grow by 5 percent to 6 percent this year. However, inflation hikes which caused by rising prices of food and energy in Malaysia continuous to worry the nation and will likely to affect consumer spending behaviors and trim down purchasing power in household electrical appl iances. Social Consumer Buying Behavior The growing population in Malaysia and steady rise in household disposable income in recent year has permitted them to spend more on luxury goods outpaced on basic items like food. High profile international retailers and the global mass media have also played a hand in shaping consumer buying behavior to chase after high end electrical appliances. This is predominantly true for young and large working-age populations often looking up for better lifestyle are more willing to spend more on high tech home appliances which can save their time from doing home work. Greater access to credit allowed individuals to fund discretionary spending and sometimes squander more than what they have earned. According to Bank Negara Malaysia annual report 2010, in the period between 2000 and 2009, household debt grew at an annual rate of 13.5 percent. (http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=109pg=333ac=81yr=2010) Technology Technological innovations encouraged consumer spending in areas like internet services, mobile communication equipment, cable television services and audio visual equipments. The advent of mobile technology is impacting the way retail businesses operate today compared to a decade ago. Urban consumers who armed with smart phones are getting smarter every day. They are able to access information on products, prices and stores anywhere at any time. They can compare price for the same product offered by different retailer shop easily. Retail businesses are able to reach out to their customers instantaneously with tailored information and product offers via mobile broadcasting. 1.3.5 Environmental Global Warming Global warming and climate change continues to be threatening humanity today. The impact of global warming is already being seen around the world. With the world as a whole is pumping out more and more carbon dioxide (CO2) every year, the IPCC has concluded that global temperatures will likely to rise by 1.2 to 6.5 degrees C by end of the century. The increase individual awareness of global warming issue, consumer tend to favor for home appliances which are more eco-friendly, energy saving and with minimal impact on the current environment. (http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/9/29/nation/19028575sec=nation) Legal New Credit Card Rules Bank Negara Malaysia has recently announced new measures on credit card application by rising minimum annual income requirements for credit card eligibility from RM18,000 per annum to RM24,000 per annum. Cardholders can only hold credit cards from a maximum of two issuers. For existing cardholders whose outstanding balance which exceeds the maximum credit limit, a grace period of two years given to them to meet the new requirement. The new guidelines are to address concerns over rising household debt in the recent year. (http://www.theasianbanker.com/press-releases/6368). However, with the limited access to credit, the move will trim down the purchasing power of the lower income group and affect the buyer shopping behaviors which ultimately affect retailers business. 1.4 Strength of the Company 1.4.1 Supply Chain Management SenHeng Electric has installed a comprehensive supply chain management system into the day to day operations of its business. This system allows the company to gauge and manage product flow seamlessly. Furthermore, it allows the company to continuously maintain optimum stock of goods within all their outlets. This will ultimately reduces excessive cost on overstocking and eliminate low supply upon consumers demand is rise. The system was designed in the way of centralized order that liked online directly to its suppliers. 1.4.2 Branding Given the long history of the company in household electrical appliances business, SenHeng electrical is a well known branding in Malaysia. The company continues to execute its brand building strategies by creating more streamlined look and feel for all its branches. This new identity spans across the board, its marketing brochures, posters as well as uniform for its employees. With the companys trademark green, these stores are brighter that the usual electrical store. This exercise has given SenHeng electrical a friendlier image and enabled the company to provide more professional service to its customers. Loyalty Card The company has implemented PlusOne loyalty card, a unique plan to reward its customers. The card members of PlusOne are allowed to enjoy extra thirteen months of product warranty as well as thirty percent off on all service or repairing labor costs. In additional to that, those products that purchased by card members will be delivered to their doorstep with no charge. Every purchased item is rewarded with specific points to its member card and these points will be used to redeem for other goods. Fixed price policy and flexible payment scheme To standardize the service standard and eliminate poor experiences by customer in the companys outlet throughout the nation, the company has implemented a fixed price policy and the product offered by its outlets carried the same price. The company has partnership with more than ten major banks for flexible payment methods where customers are allowed to make payment via cash or credit and opt for their preferred installment plan with interest free. Varieties of products To provide conveniences for its consumers and enhancing their shopping experience, the company has offered varieties of electrical products for different brands. It covers home appliances, digital imaging, computer, audio video, office automation and those electrical appliances from bedroom to kitchen. Product testing and demo facilities are provided to its consumers to learn on the products prior to purchase. 2.0 Weaknesses of the Company Consumer is the kind in todays market. In order to retain existing customer and convert them into loyal customer, the company needs to listen and understand their consumer needs. Despite SenHengs effort in providing training to improve the service standard of its employees, however, it is still difficult to manage the service quality standard for all its outlets due to the large number of the outlets spread throughout the nation. Customers feedback is therefore important to the company to gauge the service standard of respective outlet and put in appropriate preventive measure which SenHeng needs to focus on it. Opportunity E-Commerce According to euromoney latest statistic, the internet users in Malaysia have continues to grow from 14 million in 2007 to 17 million in 2011. E-commerce served one of the most popular tools for many organizations to tackle the fierce competition in the market. It will untapped the potential business market segment and increase the sales of their products in a cost effective manners. With the emerge popularity of smart phones, M-commerce becomes another potential channel for business to promote their products or promotion effectively. 2.0 Porter five forces 2.1 Threat of new entrants Currently there are large numbers of small or medium size companies in Malaysian electrical retailing market. Not to include large departmental stores like Giant or Tesco. Thus, the profit margin is rather tiny due to the stiff competition in the market. With the maturity level for electrical retailing business, its very unlikely that new entrants would step in without a new business models. However, in view of the rising internet penetration, online shopping may be the novel trend in Malaysia. With the increase trend for consumer to shop online, online retailer may be one of the threats which will potentially slide off the market share of SenHeng. (http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/4/11/business/3620542sec=business) 2.2 Threat supplier bargaining power As there are large numbers of suppliers in the electrical appliances market, thus the bargaining power of supplier is minimal. Furthermore, SenHeng Eletric has established a long history of relationship with its various suppliers. With its well established branding in Malaysian household home appliances and large market share in this retail business segment, supplier would find it difficulty to get the similar buyers like SenHeng Electric to cross selling their products. 2.3 Threat buyer bargaining power In electrical retailing business, prices are sensitive to consumer. The consumer is always looks for the better price for electrical products. As the competition in this industry is stiff, small retailers often offered lower price to sell out the goods during bad season. The selling prices sometime dont even sufficient to cover their delivery cost. Furthermore, easy access to information through internet allows consumer to compare price and products against the companys competitors. Although SenHeng Electric has established a fixed price policy to its outlets to eliminate price bargaining. However, to offer a fair price to its consumer still deems to be the main concern to stay competitive. The company has since 2002 implemented a centralized order management system to manage its stock inventory level which helps the company to reduce its inventory cost. 2.4 Threats of substitutes As most of the competitors in this industry are selling finished products with similar brands of household electrical appliances in the market, thus at a glance, selling price becomes the key consideration factor for consumer to decide where they spend. However, some consumers do take consideration of other aspect like after sales service, product testing, repair service and etc. 2.5 Rivalry among competitor Although SenHeng Electric is one of the largest electrical chain stores in Malaysia, the company still facing stiff competition from its competitor HLK (Chain-Store) Sdn Bhd whom continues to slide the market share of SenHeng Electric. To avoid cutthroat pricing competition and sustain its market present, service differentiation is one of the key areas for the company work on. 3.0 Strategy implication Determined market segmentation is vitally important in every business. Through identify who the actual and potential customers are, the company would able to determine how to position themselves into that specific market segment. Michael Porter has pointed out that combining a market segmentation strategy with a product differentiation strategy is an effective way of matching the firms product strategy (supply side) to the characteristic of the target market segments (demand side). Below table illustrated Porters generic strategies which differentiated into three dimensions (level of differentiation, relative product cost, and scope of target market). The traditional electrical retailing business like Senheng electric and other similar competitors are usually focus on middle income group consumer with age range from 30 to 50 years old. The approach has limit the expansion of the company as there are many of its competitors out there in the market are chasing the same group of consumers. To stay competitive, SenHeng Electric is in need to differentiate themselves from its competitors by improving its services and enhancing customers experiences towards its outlet. Understand its consumers by collecting feedback from them would in turn help the company to look into those areas where they need further improvement. With the economic growth in last two decades and Malaysian government effort in building higher education infrastructure in the country, there are increasing number of young working adults whose earned higher salary income in recent year. Moreover, rising demand in home electrical appliances is foreseeable with the My First Home Scheme launched by Malaysia Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak recently which has enabled young adults to buy houses costing between one hundred thousand ringgit and 220,000 ringgit with a repayment period of up to thirty years. This is a potential lucrative market segment which SenHeng should untapped into it. As online shopping is becoming popular in Malaysia, E-commerce is an alternate channel for the company to reach out consumer in different market segment. E-commerce eliminates the traditional purchase approach which is time consuming and labor intensive. It helps the company to reduce cost of purchasing transactions and speed delivery. Customers can reach a company via internet for twenty four hours which increase the business competitiveness. This will helps the company to relieve their sales person to take up other important task. Furthermore, it enables the company to collect consumer buying behavior or pattern as all sales orders for individual buyers are traceable. The company can use the data to strategize the marketing or promotion approach accurately. 4.0 Plan/Recommendations In view of the above, the author proposes to enhance the current webpage of SenHeng Electric by engaging its vendor Webz Design and Solution Sdn Bhd. 4.1 Business proposal plan and objectives Below consists of the webpage enhancement needs for the company: To setup a user friendly e-commerce website which inducing internet users to purchase the companys products and services online. To utilize the webpage for marketing and promotion activities run by the company. To increase the professional looks of the company and brand awareness to its potential consumers in the market. To enable online order status checking for the company and its consumer. To conduct consumer survey and served as a channel for consumer to escalate feedback/complaint for its products and services. Objectives: To provide alternate channel where consumers are allowed to place their order anywhere anytime. Customers can trace their order online easily without calling the outlets for assistance. To untapped young adults market where online shopping becoming a common trend in the market. To improve its services through collecting complaint/feedback from its clients. To increase its sales volume by 20 percent from second years onwards after the webpage enhancement. To achieve economic scales of assigning other tasks to its sales people. 4.4 Projected Incremental in Sales Volume 4.5 Business Assumption 4.5.1 Sales volume Assumption make that progressive incremental in sales order which will generate yearly gross revenue of RM100,000.00 starting from the second consecutive year onwards after e-commerce website launched. 4.5.2 Headcount Impact Sales department Assumption makes that no requirement for additional sales staff as customer will perform self online visit to evaluate the products nature and price offered. 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion, consumer buying trends and pattern will undergo significant changes over the next five to ten years. Shopping centers and the entire retail industry will be affected immensely by the increasing number of online shopper. With the broader accessibility of internet and high speed broadband implemented throughout Malaysian nation, embrace in e-commerce is certainly a right business strategy move for traditional retailer in Malaysia. In authors view, online retailing business is foresee to have positive growth continuously in the next fifteen years. Adopting service differentiation approach will eventually help the company to stay competitive and position themselves in better aspect to avoid price war situation. See appendix 1 (http://www.euromonitor.com/malaysia/country-factfile).

Tess of the DUrbervilles :: essays research papers

Tess of the D'Urbervilles Throughout the novel, Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Hardy focuses on the life of Tess Durbeyfield. Starting out as a young, innocent girl, Tess matures throughout the book to become a powerful woman who was capable of thinking for herself. Furthermore, she was also intelligent enough to realize her importance as an individual. At the beginning of the novel, Tess was portrayed as a young girl with too much responsibility for her age. She was sent out into the world at a very young age, and was unable to see the danger in life around her. Tess was the one who had to fetch her parents from the inn because they stayed out too late. In addition to that, she was forced to do her father's work because he was too drunk to realize what the current situation was. Neither parent cared much about Tess: her mother was always thinking about getting Tess married, and her father was thinking of ways to restore their social order. Due to the negligence from her parents, Alec was able to take advantage of her physically and mentally. By giving Tess's father a horse, Alec was able to exert mental control over Tess in such a way that Tess was obliged to obey. Yet, Tess was able to overcome her affair with Alec because she possessed a keen sense of justice and morality. She realized that she had sinned, but also came to the conclusion that she should not be punished eternally for one mistake. This realization also reflects upon Tess's maturation mentally. Moreover, because her affair with Alec also resulted in a child, she was forced to mature much more quickly than she would have liked. Tess also had the habit of blaming herself for everything that would not go as planned. The whispering that Tess endures during her visit to Church after her affair with Alec only serves to strengthen her feelings that she was constantly at fault. Tess's maturation also continued during the period when Angel deserted Tess. Throughout this time, she refused to let anybody criticize Angel. Tess also hides the truth about their separation from either set of parents, for the fear that she will have to endure further criticism. Her simplicity of faith in him is such that, "even the most perfect man could have hardly deserved it." Tess's love for Angel is permanent.

Chinese Religion Essay -- Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism

Chinese Religion The region of China is extensive and profound. â€Å"In China lay people did not belong to an institutionalized sect, nor did their religious life have anything to do with signing articles of faint. Religion in China was so woven into the broad fabric of family and social life that there was not even a special word for it until modern times, when one was coined to match the Western term† (Thompson, 1). In China, Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are all blended. In the earliest period, Shang Dynasty (2000 BC), people in China had worshipped a lot of different gods (polytheism) such as weather god, river god. People in the Shang Dynasty believed that their ancestors become like gods after they died, so people worshipped their own ancestors. The basic features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy consist of five stresses, spiritual existence, practice, morality, harmony, and intuition. The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views. The most influential schools were Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Legalism. In China lay people did not belong to an institutionalized sect, nor did their religious life have anything to do with signing articles of faint. Religion in China was so woven into the broad fabric of family and social life that there was not even a special word for it until modern times, when one was coined to match the Western term (Thompson, 1). The school takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as it highest code of behavior. It advocates the benevolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance, the doctrine of the golden mean and values the ethical relations of men. In the Chinese world view there was an ... ...ey hoped to avoid plagues, ensure rain in due season, and to be granted children. Believing their livelihood, both present and future, to be guaranteed y the favor of the hallowed place of their assemblies, the members of the local community felt themselves bound to it by a relationship teeming with benefits, which caused them to adhere to it as faithful vassals to a powerful lord† (Liu, 30). Liu, James T.C. China Turning Inward Intellectual-political Changes in the Early Twelfth Century. 4th ed. Vol. 23. Council on Ast Asian Studies, 1919. Print. Shankman, Steven, and Stephen W. Durrant. Early China/Ancient Greece. Albany: State University of New York, 2001. Print. Thompson, Laurence G. Chinese Religion: An Introduction. Belmont: Dickenson Company, Inc, 1969. Print. Thompson, Laurence G. The Religious Life of Man. Belmont: Dickenson Company, Inc, 1973. Print.

Beauty and Beast

Beauty and Beast is a story of love, liberty, freedom, and identity in the society. It exposes the readers to a widower merchant living in his mansion with his six children, three daughters, and three sons. Even though the three girls are beautiful, the youngest, Beauty is the prettiest. She is equally kind and pure-hearted. The other two are selfish, spoiled and vain. In explicating the things that happen in the story, the author uses different literary tools to make the story electrifying while giving the readers an outlook that contrasts the inner beauty with the outer one (Warner, 1995). The stylistic devices are essential for the progression of the characters and development of the plot.The merchant finally loses everything at the sea. Live becomes challenging and the family moves to a farmhouse where they work for a living. As stated in the story, â€Å"Suddenly the merchant lost his fortune, and the only property he had left with was a small country house quite far from the city† (Zipes, 2005 pp. 806). From the statement, it is apparent that the life has taken a different twist for the family and it has to adjust to the new status to survive. Some years later, he gets the news that one of the ships that had sent off has landed on the port after escaping destruction. He then leaves for a journey to check on it but before leaving, he asks his children what they would want him to bring for them. The sons ask for weapons and horses, the oldest daughters' requests for jewels and good dresses while Beauty is only comfortable with a rare rose.However, it does not ogre well with him as he finds out that his ship has been apprehended to settle his debts. He is left with no money to buy the gifts that he promised his children. While on his way returning home, he is lost in the storm and cannot trace his way home. He looks for shelter and bumps into an elaborate palace, where he finds tables with sufficient food and drink, which appears to have been left for him by an unknown person. He accepts the gifts and spends the night at the palace, but in the morning sees a rose and remembers to take it to her daughter, Beauty. That decision opens a bandura box for more challenges that force him to accept tough conditions for his safety. After plucking the rose, the Beast told him â€Å"You're very ungrateful† he then added, â€Å"I saved your life by offering you hospitality in my c astle, and then you steal my roses, which I love more than anything else in the world. You shall die for this mistake† (Zipes, 2005 pp. 808). Life becomes tougher every moment for the merchant. The Beast makes a demand that he would only let him go if he would allow one of his daughters to return. Even though not happy about it, he has no otherwise than to accept the condition. The Beast gives him enough wealth, fine clothes, jewels, but tells him that Beauty should not know about their agreement (Warner, 1995). When he reaches home, he talked to his children. His sons are willing to go, but the merchant is unready to allow them to go. Beauty then agrees to go, and upon arrival, she is well received by the Beast who graciously tells him that she is the mistress of the castle and that the Beast would be her servant. Beauty spends three months in the castle but was troubled by the fact that every time before she goes to bed, the Beast would ask for her hand in marriage. She insists that she is only a friend, but not interested in getting married to him. She says, â€Å"I'll always be your friend. Try to be content with that† (Zipes, 2005 pp. 812). At night, he dreams of a good-looking prince persuading her to accept the proposal. At first, she cannot comprehend the relationship between the prince and the Beast but later realizes that he is a captive in the palace. One major takeaway from the story is that even the dreadful people in the world also have something good out of him.Later, the Beauty gets sick and asks the Beast to allow her to go home to see her father. She agrees to get back soon, but while home, her sisters become envious and uses tricks to shed false tears after rubbing onions on his eyes. They do so to make her delay so that the Beast would get angry with her. She then feels guilty for having broken the promise she made to the Beast (Zipes, 2005). She uses the mirror to see him back in the palace but is horrified to see him heartbroken near the rose bush where her father had plucked her gift. She weeps over him telling him that she loves. Suddenly, the Beast is transformed into a handsome prince that she has always seen in her dreams. He narrates to her that he was turned into a beast by a fairy and that the only thing that could save him is finding a true love.To conclude, the story has a lot for the readers to learn and disinter. For instance, through Beauty, one can appreciate the character. The content of one's character enables him or her to attract good things, including the lost fortunes. Through the Beast, one can appreciate that even the dreadful people have the other side of life that can be appreciated. Finally, even if the family was challenged and walked from grace to grass, through one good person, their glory could be restored.

Atm Card Project

The completion of every task needs the guidance support & cooperation of many people. This is the opportunity to thank all those who had directly or indirectly helped me in completing this work. First and foremost I am grateful to my project guide Mr. Rahul Deo whose kind guidance, help & motivation helped me to complete this project. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Rajendra Kumar Jain,H. O. D(M. B. A Department ) and all the faculty members of SVIM for their kind support. I am grateful to Director Ret. Major General Dr. J. R.Bhatti of Shri Vaishnav Institute Of Management for providing proper facilities in the college. I would also like to thank all the respondents and wholesaler/retailer/distributor for giving me their precious time and relevant information ,without which this Project would have been a different story. Last but not the least I am grateful to my parent, family & friends who have supported and encouraged me during my work. PRAVIN PAHADIYA MBA IV SEM(PT) SVIM,IN DORE.ATM CARD : A VITAL FACILITY & ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ICICI & IDBI INTRODUCTION: ATM the fastest and convenient way to access your account anytime anyway whether you are in your home town or around the world. It is convenient and safe to carry and place of lacks of rupees while traveling or anywhere ATM’s now having a wide impact on economy too. HISTORY OF ICICI & IDBI: INDUSTRIAL CREDIT & INVESTMENT CORP. OF INDIA LTD. (ICICI). It was set-up as a Development Finance Institute in 1955 under the Indian Companies Act 1913 with the support of Govt. f India and active involvement of the World Bank. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA (IDBI). It was established in July 1964. The bank is intended to serve reservoir from which the existing financial institutions can draw. It seeks to cover the gaps left by the numerous state institutions working in the field of Industrial Finance. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT: 1. To find its impact on economy. 2. Satisfaction o f ATM users. STUDY AREA: ICICI & IDBI, Indore METHODOLOGY: 1. Sampling: Sampling technique: Random Sampling. SOURCE OF DATA: ) Primary Data 2) Secondary Data LIMITATIONS: ? Sample restricted to Indore City Only. ? Biasness of respondents. ? The entire study and analysis are based on the responses obtain from structured questionnaire. ATM – A VITAL FACITLITY & ITS ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY INTRODUCTION ATM (AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE) is the easiest & the fastest way to access your account any time, any where through any of the ATM’s across the country even out of country. Now ,the money is accessible by any person 24 hours a day,7 days a week & 365 days a year.It is also known as â€Å"ANY TIME MONEY†, it means that banks never closed. All of us carry some form of â€Å"Plastic Money† with us whether it is Debit card, ATM card, Smart card or Credit card. The International Debit Card allows you to purchase goods at Merchant Establishments and also gives you the freedom to withdraw cash from ATMs in India and abroad. ATM Card gives you the freedom of making purchases without the hassles of paying in cash. No need to carry cash, no paying bills at the end of the month†¦your purchases will be debited to your account instantly.We can withdraw from 15,000 to 2,00,000 rupees in a day from different bank’s ATM machine & deposit up to 30 notes at one time even we can also deposit cheques through the ATM. Operate multiple account with a single ATM card of the bank. INTRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL CREDIT & INVESTMENT COPERATION OF INDIA (ICICI) bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of about Rs. 106,812 crore and a network of about 450 branches and offices and about 1700 ATMs. ICICI was set up as a Developed Financial Institution in 1955, under the Indian Company Act,1913 with the support of the Government Of India ; active involvement of the World Bank.ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to c orporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital, asset management and information technology. ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed in India on stock exchanges at Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Vadodara, the Stock Exchange, Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In the 1990s, ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution offering only project finance to a diversified fin ancial services group offering a wide variety of products and services, both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and affiliates like ICICI Bank.In 1999, ICICI become the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE. After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank formed the view that the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank would be the optimal strategic alternative for both entities, and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group's universal banking strategy.The merger would enhance value for ICICI shareholders through the merged entity's access to low-cost deposits, greater opportunities for earning fee-based income and the ability to participate in the payments system and provide transaction-banking services.The me rger would enhance value for ICICI Bank shareholders through a large capital base and scale of operations, seamless access to ICICI's strong corporate relationships built up over five decades, entry into new business segments, higher market share in various business segments, particularly fee-based services, and access to the vast talent pool of ICICI and its subsidiaries. In October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank.The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002, by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002. Consequent to the merger, the ICICI group's financing and banking operations, both wholesale and retail, have been integrated in a single entity. A nywhere Banking ICICI Bank is the second largest bank in the country, serves a customer base of more than 5 million customer accounts through a multi-channel access network.This includes more than 400 branches and extension counters, over 1000 ATMs, Call Centre and Internet Banking. Thus, one can access the various services ICICI Bank has to offer at anytime, anywhere and from anyplace. Do’S & Do not 1. Sign on the card immediately on receipt. Unsigned cards are invitations for misuse. 2. Keep the card in a prominent place in wallet / vault. This will help you to notice if any of your cards is missing. 3. Ensure that the card you got back after the transaction is yours before putting in the wallet. 4.Keep all card number, expiry date and contact number of the issuing bank at a secure place for ready reference. It has to be kept in a different place than where you normally keep cards. 5. Inform issuing bank immediately if you lose the card or it is loss/stolen from you. 6. Mem orize PIN and destroy the mailer PIN is an important validation of your identity. The use of PIN along with card is considered as your authentic signature. 7. Inform change of address to card issuing bank immediately. Inform postal authorities also about the forwarding address. 8.Keep all charge slips till you get statement from bank. Check all charge slips against the statement. If there is a mismatch immediately contact the issuing bank. 9. If going abroad, make note of the card company's (Visa/ MasterCard/ Amex) emergency number abroad. 10. Do not give your debit card number over the phone or on the Internet. 11. When using your card in a merchant establishment, only your signature is needed. Never disclose any other personal details about yourself, be it your address or phone number. 12. Never sign an incomplete sales slip.Make sure it is totaled. Basic Features ICICI Bank and HPCL bring you the â€Å"Fuel† Debit Card. A debit card designed with just our convenience in mi nd. Just hand it over at any HPCL pumps and SAVE on our fuel purchases. In fact you can use the card for all your shopping, dining and traveling needs, so we spend with total control. Combining the acceptability of a credit card and the prudence of an ATM Card, the ICICI Bank Ncash Debit card is a most convenient accessory for us. No more fear of overspending. No more searching for the nearest ATM. Only more comfort and convenience!With the ICICI Bank Ncash Debit Card you can shop using VISA Electron's on-line debit program, and debit your ICICI Bank account directly when transacting at any VISA accredited member establishment or ATM across the world! Accepted at over 40,000 merchant establishments, more than 1,200 ICICI Bank ATM's and more than 2,500 VISA ATMs all over India. International Card, offering deposit access at over 11 million merchant establishments VISA . Your ICICI Bank HPCL Debit Card comes packed with the following features: 1. Direct On-line debit to your ICICI Ban k account. 2.Refund of surcharge for fuel purchases at HPCL pumps. 3. Accepted at over 40,000 shops, more than 1,200 ICICI Bank ATM's & 2,500 VISA ATMs all over India. 4. International card offering deposit access at over 11 million shops and & VISA ATM's all over the world. 5. 24 Hour Customer Care Center. 6. Speed-O-Miles Rewards Programme. 7. Itemized billing on your bank statement. 8. Lost card insurance. Fee ; Charges: No transactions charges at ICICI Bank ATMs. Transactions charges at Non ICICI Bank ATMs : Rs. 50/- for cash withdrawal ; Rs. 25/- for balance enquiry. Lost Card Insurance:In case our card is lost or stolen, we just need to call our 24 Hour Customer Care Centre . A new card will be issued on request and sent to you within 1 week of reporting this loss. We are protected from any financial liability arising from any purchase transactions done on our card, from the time you report the loss. INTRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA was established in July 196 4, to serve as a reservoir from which the existing Financial Institutions can draw. It seeks to cover the gap left by the numerous state institutions working in the field of industrial finance.The bank is expected to combine commercial, promotional ; re-financing activities. It took place after RBI issued guidelines for entry of new private sector banks in January 93. Subsequently, IDBI as promoters sought permission to establish a commercial bank and retained KPMG a management consultant of international repute to prepare the groundwork for establishing a commercial Bank. The Reserve Bank of India conveyed it's in principle approval to establish IDBI bank on February 11th, 1994. Thereafter the Bank was incorporated at Gwalior under Companies Act on 15th of September 1994 (Registration No. 0-08624 of 1994) with its Registered Office at Indore. The Certificate for Commencement of Business was received on 2nd of December 1994. The Future IDBI bank looks confidently into the future to face and thrive in the intense competitive environment that is emerging. The bank has now gained experience and has in place the strategies required for gaining a leadership position. With cutting edge relevant technology, aggressive marketing, innovation, tight control over costs and with its motivated workforce, the bank is all set to emerge as a model global corporate citizen n the days ahead. IDBI, the tenth largest development bank in the world has promoted world class institutions in India. A few of such institutions built by IDBI are The National Stock Exchange (NSE), The National Securities Depository Services Ltd. (NSDL), Stock Holding Corporation of India (SHCIL) etc. IDBI is a strategic investor in a plethora of institutions which have revolutionized the Indian Financial Markets. IDBI promoted IDBI bank to mark the formal foray of the IDBI Group into commercial Banking. This initiative has blossomed into a major success story.IDBI bank, which began with an equity capital base of Rs. 1000 million (Rs. 800 million contributed by IDBI and Rs. 200 million by SIDBI), commenced its first branch at Indore in November 1995. Thereafter in less than seven years the bank has attained a front ranking position in the Indian Banking Industry. IDBI bank successfully completed its public issue in February 99 which led to its paid-up capital expanding to Rs. 1400 million. The promoters holding consequent to this public issue stood reduced to 71% with IDBI holding 57% and SIDBI 14% of the paid up capital of IDBI Bank.This is in line with the requirement of RBI which stipulates that eventually the promoters holding should be brought down to 40%. IDBI ATM’s IDBI bank, which in recent times has rapidly expanded its ATM network to 258 ATMs across 68 cities, has always been at the forefront of using the latest technology to introduce new services for its customers. IDBI bank was the first Bank to implement the latest and most flexible ATM switch technology in India called IST from Oasis Technologies. It is also the only Bank in India where its entire ATM network is on the latest NDC based operating system from NCR Corporation.IDBI bank launches Easy Fill, the First Online Instant Mobile Refill ATM Service in India, IDBI also bank opens its 97th Banking office in Dum Dum, Kolkata. IDBI bank launches Easy Fill, the First Online Instant Mobile Refill ATM Service in India, IDBI bank launches ATM Next, the next generation ATM service:- IDBI bank, one of the youngest and fastest growing private sector banks in the country, launched the futuristic next generation ATM service called ATM Next, at a well-attended press conference here in Mumbai today. The innovative new service allows the ATM to download any information from a central web server.With the help of this new technology, IDBI bank’s customers can now check the latest cricket scores live on the ATM, as well as read the latest news headlines. The ATMs also provide online information on the latest movies running with a complete list of theatre and show timings as well as daily horoscopes, a list of emergency services telephone numbers and on the lighter side, fortune cookies. The service, which was launched initially in Mumbai, also enables the ATMs to provide audio instructions to customers, as well as comprehensive information on its products and services.The Bank proposes to extend this facility to other cities shortly, as part of a phased roll out. Speaking at the press conference, Ajay Bimbhet, Country Head – Retail Banking, IDBI bank said â€Å"We have always believed in using technology to add value to the services we provide to our customers. We believe that technology must constantly redefine service and this exciting new service, will make the ATM experience far more exciting and enriching for our customers†. The Bank has tied up with Rediff. om as its exclusive content provider for this service, says Shameek Bhargava, Head ATMs, Cards and Merchant Acquiring â€Å"We have successfully exploited the technology at our disposal to create a truly superior customer experience. This is the first time that such a service has been launched in India. The application was show cased at a recent Banking conference at Singapore, where it was a huge success. Its informative, its different, its futuristic and its fun. † IDBI bank offers following services: 1. Fabulous Discounts at various Merchant Outlets . 2. Loyalty Points with Great Rewards . . Enhanced access to over 8. 5lakh ATMs and 10 million establishments worldwide. 4. Promotional programmes with exciting prizes. 5. Zero lost card liability insurance. Eligibility 1. Customer Over 18 years of age . 2. Savings Account holders . 3. Current Account holders . 4. Corporate Payroll Account holders . Security In a borderless world spinning on the axis of the Internet, Internet Banking assumes a special and sophisticated significance. Mindful that the ultimate access could be through the Internet, we set out to sew together a globally benchmarked Internet initiative.With Internet Banking, your bank travels with you around the world. You have on-line, real-time access, bank call it 24. 7. 365 (HH/WW/DD) banking. Admittedly, such a service requires security of the highest nature and complete privacy protection. To that end, bank provide a completely secure environment, using 128-bit encryption Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), digitally certified by Verisign. 128-bit SSL. This guarantees world-class security for Internet and e-commerce. Customize Features 1. Change of login and transaction passwords . 2. Creation of Nicknames for Accounts . 3. Date and Amount format choices . Online Payment ServicesThe Internet Banking facility of IDBI Bank, i-netbanking offers online payment facility linked with merchant websites/e-shops serving as a payment gateway. The bank offers this facility to any agency requiring online payment services such as Online Shopping Malls, On line Share Trading Agency, an AMC selling Online Mutual Funds or registering/subscribing for internet connection with ISP. This service is available to IDBI bank account holders (savings, current, fixed deposit accounts). It will soon be available to Demat account holders also. Currently, internet banking is available to all first account holders (except minors).It is also available to proprietors of firms in their Current Account for Proprietorship firms. In all cases applicant should have authority to operate account with full permission. All the joint account holders must sign application for all accounts wherever applicant is first account holder. Transfer funds to your near and dear ones at the click of a mouse. Eye – popping features: The Electronic fund transfers could take place to your own bank accounts of your choice instantly the bank account of any other person within any of the IDBI bank's branches instantly.The bank account of any other person in over 8000 branc hes of any bank within the 14 cities -Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Nagpur, Chandigarh, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Thiruvananthapuram. The user shall not use or attempt to use i-net banking for funds transfer – as and when the facility is made available – without sufficient funds in the relative i-net banking -account or without a pre-existing arrangement with the bank for the grant of an overdraft. Internet Banking Services (i-net banking) Bank' refers to IDBI bank limited, a banking company incorporated in India under the companies act 1956 and having its registered office at chaturvedi mansion, 2nd floor, 26/4, old palasia, A. B. Road, indore 452 001. The term includes the successors and assigns of the IDBI bank limited. I-net banking is the trade name of the bank's internet banking service which provides access through the internet to account information, account transaction, other products and services as advised by th e bank from time to time to the bank's customers. I-net banking serviceThe bank shall endeavor to provide to the user through i-net banking, services such as enquiry about the balance in his i-net banking account(s), details about transactions, statement of account, request for issue of cheque-books, request for transfer of funds between accounts of the same user, from user's account to another person's account, bill payment and such other facilities as the bank may decide to provide from time to time. These facilities shall be offered in a phased manner at the discretion of the bank. The bank may also make additions/ deletions to the services offered through i-net banking at its sole discretion.The availability/ non-availability of a particular service shall be advised through email, web page of the bank or written communication. The bank shall take reasonable care to, ensure the security of and prevent unauthorized access to the i-net banking service using technology reasonably av ailable to the bank. The user shall not use or permit to use i-net banking or any related service for any illegal or improper purposes. Minimum balance and charges The user shall maintain, at all times, such minimum balance in i-net banking account(s), as the bank may stipulate from time to time.The bank may, at its discretion, levy penal charges and/or service charges for non-maintenance of the minimum balance. In addition to the minimum balance stipulation the bank may levy service charges for use of i-net banking at its discretion. The user authorizes the bank to recover all charges related to i-net banking as determined by the bank from time to time by debiting one of user's i-net banking accounts. Accuracy of information The user is responsible for the correctness of information supplied to the bank through the use of i-net banking or through any other means such as electronic mail or written communication.The bank accepts no liability for the consequences arising out of errone ous information supplied by the user. If the user suspects that there is an error in the information supplied to the bank by him, he shall advise the bank as soon as possible. The bank will endeavor to correct the error wherever possible. Termination of i-net banking service The user may request for termination of the i-net banking facility any time by giving a written notice of at least 15 days to the bank. The user will remain responsible for any transactions made on his i-net banking account(s) through i-net banking prior to the time.Technology and Tech Initiatives Keeping in line with its policy of leveraging technology to drive its business, IDBI bank deployed Finacle, the e-age banking solution from Infosys to consolidate its position, meet challenges and quickly seize new business opportunities. Entire Finacle rollout was remarkable considering the fact that it was implemented across all branches in a record time frame of 5 months. Finacle will provide the critical technology platform to propel the bank's new thrust and direction.Achievement of these significant milestones is consistent with IDBI bank's continued focus to create customer and shareholder value through deployment of superior technology. Investments in technology is part of the plan to put in place building blocks for creating the right organizational infrastructure which will help IDBI bank in consistently delivering superior products, convenient access channels and efficient service to our retail and corporate customers. Of the total investments of over Rs. 75 crs, large investment has been made in back-end technology to strengthen processes, systems and control.This, in the long run, propelled by a top quality management team will clearly set IDBI bank apart from its competitors. Stronger Capital Adequacy Capital Adequacy ratio of IDBI bank is well above the RBI norm of 9% and as on 30th June 2001 stood at 12. 01%. IDBI bank has adopted Governance standards based on best practices preva lent internationally. It has a structure of governance which meets with the requirements prescribed by the Kumarmangalam Birla panel and fully meets the recommendations by internationally acclaimed and recognized norms of governance addressed by the Cadbury, Greenbury and Meryn King committees.Employee Contribution IDBI bank has more than 1000 talented and highly motivated employees as on date. The average age of the employee at IDBI bank is 31 yrs. 85% of the employees are MBAs/CAs/ Professionally Qualified Bankers. The bank has rolled out broad based grant of stock options covering 75% of the employees to align their interests with those of its shareholders. Benefits of ATM cards 1. Transfer funds from any place to any place. 2. Same day clearance of cheques ; money deposited by you. 3. Also provide Cheque Books for transaction. 4. Provide Mini-Statement after every transaction. 5.Account Statement by E-Mail. 6. Free Demand-Drafts ; Pay-Orders. 7. Investment ; Tax advisory service s. Transaction at all ATM’s across the country:- 1. Withdrawal ; transfer of funds . 2. Request for a cheque book. 3. Deposit cash ; cheques. 4. Receive mini-statement. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this project is to show the need ; utility of ATM cards, different services provided by banks ; its impact on economy. Some of the others objectives are :- 1. Satisfaction of ATM user. 2. Utility of ATM cards. 3. Problem related to ATM cards. 4. Comparative study of banks ; services provided by them. 5.To collect different suggestion provided by people. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH We are performing every action for the welfare of mankind to make them more productive ; more innovative. Each ; every action in this world is performed for betterment. Significance of this research work is 1. It informs about the problem related to ATM user. 2. It provides many suggestions for the betterment of ATM services. 3. It informs about the satisfactory level of consumers. 4. This research a lso inform people about the services ; facilities provided by their ATM cards. 5. It shows the real purpose for using ATM.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research has adoptive research design to obtain accurate information of the situation, which existed . The research aim was to find out what are the problems by the ATM users, facility ; services. It is descriptive because it obtains the complete ; accurate description of a situation, which has the precision of a problem. It has the formal design of research ; it provides specific method for selection source of information ; also connection data from other sources. It has also a statistical study because it involves a few factors in many factors in many cases.The study basically emphasizes on the fact-finding that whether the ATM users are satisfied by the services ; facilities provided to them by banks or not. DATA COLLECTION METHOD The data collection is fully depends on Primary Data, Secondary Data ; Internet Information. 1. Primary Data:- It is conversion of original information for some specific purpose. 2. Secondary Data:- It contain all that information which is available by different sources ? Internal Data :- Data provided by banks. ? External Data :- Data collected from outside of banks. All other data is collected through Internet i. . by their Web-sites ; questionnaires. The purpose of questionnaires is to obtained qualitative information for accuracy of project. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Q. 1: Are you using ATM? Q. 2 : Which bank’s ATM you are using? Q. 3 Are you aware about all facilities provided by your ATM? Q. 4 – Do you face any problem in using ATM? Q. 5 If yes, please tick:- CONCLUSION The main thing that is concluded that ATM (AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE) is the fastest, easiest ; safest way to access your account. ATM Cards gives us freedom to purchases without the hassles of payment.By ATM card we are free from carrying cash with us. 1. People are using ATM card for ANY TIME MONE Y. 2. Maximum people are satisfied by services ; facilities provided by their banks. 3. Many people are aware about ATM cards ; their utilities. 4. People are using ATM cards for different purposes. 5. Some people are having problems related to operational, networking, less safety, less number of outlets, etc. 6. People also want zero balance ; no transaction limit. 7. People want more facilities ; services. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. There should be no transaction limit. . Clearance of money/cheque transaction time should be minimized. 3. Banks should increase ATM outlets.4. Minimum average balance should be reduced. 5. No charges for transaction with other ATM machines. 6. Interest should be given on money deposited above average balance limits. 7. More facilities ; services should be provided for customers. LIMITATIONS 1. The main limitation related to this project is the limited area i. e. INDORE city because it is such a broad topic of research ; we are not able to represent exact data on the basis of a single city only. . Difficulty related to approach different types of people with different mentality, nature ; habit. 3. Limitation related to time ; resource available. 4. The entire study is based on the response provided by the sample population ; analyses on the basis of questionnaires. 5. Limitation related to biased response. 6. Limited information given by banks due to security reasons.